Heat
Continuous low-level heat at ~40°C significantly reduced period pain in the randomised trial that started this whole category, and a follow-up found the same gentle heat did better still, with less cramping. A 2025 meta-analysis found the same thing. The researchers' objection was never that heat fails; it was that a hot water bottle "may be annoying and may interfere with daily life." That's the part we set out to fix.
Akin et al. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2001 & 2004 · Frontiers in Medicine, 2025
High-frequency TENS
Electrical pulses at 80–100Hz crowd out pain signals before they register. The Cochrane review found high-frequency TENS beats placebo with an odds ratio of 7.2. Low-frequency TENS, the cheaper setting a lot of devices quietly default to, did no better than placebo at all.
Proctor et al. Cochrane, 2002 / 2009
Massage & vibration
It feels good, and a relaxed abdomen is a real thing. Most modern belts include it for that reason. But the trial evidence for vibration on its own is thin, well short of what exists for heat or TENS. It helps. It won't do the work on its own.
Reviewed alongside heat & TENS literature